Review of muscle hypertrophy mechanisms induced by resistance occlusive training

Abstract

The American College of Sports Medicime recommends lifting weights over 70% 1 RM to induce hypertrophy trough resistance training. High intensity training induces maximal neural and mechanical activation of musculature. However, low intensity resistance training (20-50% 1 RM), when combined with blood flow restriction of the proximal part of the exercising limb has also shown to induce muscle hypertrophy. This has been demonstrated both in healthy sedentary, physically active subjects and athletes, as well as in the elderly and patients under rehabilitation. Ischemic training seems to be a unique alternative for population who cannot lift high intensity resistances. It has not been elucidated what mechanisms underlie the hypertrophy achieved after occlusive training, although metabolic accumulation induced by the restriction of venous clearance along with an increased rate of protein synthesis seem to be the most suitable. This review aims to provide a description of practical applications and structural changes within muscle, as well as discuss its main mechanics.