Molecular Mechanisms of the Role of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise in Increasing Adiponectin Levels in Humans as a Control of Energy Expenditure: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Background: Insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and impaired energy balance are closely linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, two increasingly common metabolic diseases. In these conditions, decreased adiponectin levels contribute to metabolic dysfunction by disrupting glucose regulation and fatty acid oxidation. Exercise has been shown to be a non-pharmacological therapy that increases adiponectin.
Research objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic and resistance physical exercise on adiponectin levels.
Methods: A number of journal databases, including Science Direct, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Scopus, were examined for this study. Among the factors taken into account in this analysis were studies on the effects of resistance and aerobic exercise on adiponectin levels that were published between 2020 and 2025. Papers that did not fit the inclusion criteria such as non-experimental research or articles not found in our pre-established databases were not included in this systematic review. Using databases from Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus, 689 publications in all were located. Ten carefully chosen, peer-reviewed studies discuss the necessity of this systemic change. Standard operating procedures for this inquiry were established using the Preferred Standards for Reporting Systematics and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).
Results: The study's findings demonstrated both resistance and aerobic exercise raised people's adiponectin levels noticeably.
Conclusion: Resistance training and aerobic exercise have been demonstrated to significantly raise human adiponectin levels. Improving insulin sensitivity, controlling blood sugar, and having anti-inflammatory properties are all made possible by increasing adiponectin. It has been demonstrated that both forms of exercise have a beneficial effect on general metabolic health. Thus, consistent aerobic and resistance training could be a useful tactic for managing and preventing metabolic diseases.
