Extra Virgin Olive Oil as a Natural Ergogenic Aid: A Systematic Review on Injury Prevention and Recovery in Athletes

Abstract

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has gained attention in sports nutrition due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This systematic review aimed to analyse the effects of EVOO consumption on injury prevention, athletic performance, and post-exercise recovery. A comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus identified empirical studies published between 2016 and 2025. Twelve studies (sample sizes: 3–69 athletes) were included, assessing EVOO’s impact on inflammation, oxidative stress, muscle damage, and recovery. Overall, EVOO intake was associated with reduced levels of biomarkers such as creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP), less muscle damage, and improved metabolic and cardiorespiratory function. Additional benefits included better joint health, reduced fatigue perception, and enhanced immune response post-exercise. Despite methodological heterogeneity, most studies supported EVOO as a complementary strategy for injury prevention and recovery. EVOO appears to be a promising natural ergogenic aid, although further large-scale research is needed to confirm long-term effects and optimal intake protocols.